ci: enhance CI pipeline for Go projects

- Rename job from `testing` to `test`
- Add matrix strategy to test on multiple Go versions (1.21, 1.22, 1.23)
- Set up Go environment variables `GO111MODULE` and `GOPROXY`
- Replace `actions/checkout@v4` with `actions/setup-go@v5` for setting up Go
- Add caching for Go build and module directories using `actions/cache@v4`
- Change test command from `make test` to `go test -v -covermode=atomic -coverprofile=coverage.out`
- Add flags to `codecov/codecov-action@v4` for matrix OS and Go version

Signed-off-by: appleboy <appleboy.tw@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -25,20 +25,43 @@ jobs:
         with:
           dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile
 
-  testing:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: golang:1.22-alpine
+  test:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+        go: [1.21, 1.22, 1.23]
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            go-build: ~/.cache/go-build
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }} @ Go ${{ matrix.go }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      GO111MODULE: on
+      GOPROXY: https://proxy.golang.org
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - name: Set up Go ${{ matrix.go }}
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
+
+      - name: Checkout Code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.ref }}
 
-      - name: setup sshd server
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ${{ matrix.go-build }}
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-go-
+      - name: Run Tests
         run: |
-          apk add git make curl perl bash build-base zlib-dev ucl-dev
-
-      - name: testing
-        run: |
-          make test
+          go test -v -covermode=atomic -coverprofile=coverage.out
 
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
         uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+        with:
+          flags: ${{ matrix.os }},go-${{ matrix.go }}